CHLOROPLASTS AND PIGMENTS
CHLOROPLASTS
- organelles that perform _______________________
- located in the ___________________ of leaf mesophyll cells
1) Chloroplast Structure
- outer membrane
- inner membrane
- thylakoid
- thylakoid compartment
- granum (pl.=grana)
- stroma
PIGMENTS
- capture ___________________ to begin photosynthesis
- located in membrane of _______________________
- many kinds: ie. ____________________, _______________________, ________________
1) Electromagnetic Spectrum (Fig. 3, pg. 148)
- sun constantly gives off many kinds of ______________________
- all forms of radiation called "electromagnetic spectrum"
- photosynthesis uses __________________ light (a tiny portion of the entire spectrum)<
| ________ rays, x rays, ultraviolet, __________________, infrared, microwaves, ________ waves |
2) Absorption Spectrum (Fig. 11, pg. 152 and Fig. 14, pg. 153)
- shows which _____________________ (colours) of light are absorbed by the pigments and which are not (those not are ___________________ or _________________________)
| Pigment |
Colours (Wavelengths) Absorbed |
Colours (Wavelengths) Not Absorbed |
| chlorophylls (a, b) |
|
|
| carotenoids |
|
|
| phycobilins |
|
|
- best colours for photosynthesis? _________________ and _______________
- pigment present in highest concentration in most leaves is
_____________________. These leaves appear _______________ in colour since
the _________________ wavelengths are to some extent reflected or transmitted
(not used for photosynthesis).
- many types of pigments, each absorbing light at different wavelengths allows
photosynthesis to occur over the entire visible spectrum, to some extent.
3) Pigment Structure
- _______________________ contain a complicated ring structure at the head of the molecule called a _________________________ head
- head has a central _______________________ atom
- also contain a hydrophobic tail called a __________________ tail
- note the __________________ bonds
- ___________________ (ie. beta-carotene, Fig. 12, pg. 152) also have
__________ bonds
4) Pigment Function (Fig. 2, pg. 156 and Fig. 3, pg. 157)
- a ________________ of light strikes a ___________________ bond in a pigment
- this boosts an ________________ in the _____________ bond to an "______________ state" (ie. next energy
level/shell)
- _______________ falls back down to lower energy state and releases the absorbed _________________
Questions:
- Explain how brilliant fall leaf colours are produced (pg. 153).
- Draw (including colours!) and discuss Englemann's experiment (Fig. 10, pg. 151).
- Photocopy (or draw!) Fig. 4 on pg. 158, Fig. 5-6 on pg. 160, and Fig. 9 on pg. 161.